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Publisher: Temerson / Helnit / Continental
Years in Operation: 1940 - 1950
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Country: Flag United States Web Site: Brands: 0 Indicia Publishers: 6 Series: 9 Printings: 74 Disclose Notes: This group of publishers centers around Frank Z. Temerson, and includes many that have long been erroneously considered part of Holyoke. In truth, like Victor Fox's pre and post-war companies and the Blue Beetle series, Temerson lost control of Cat-Man Comics and Captain Aero Comics to Holyoke, and then re-emerged and reclaimed them a year or so later. The exact relationship between Temerson and Holyoke (formerly just a printer, and owned by one Sherman Bowles) remains unclear. The transfer from Temerson to Holoyoke happened almost without disruption in publication, but the return transfer involved a large gap.

Temerson had previously been active in comic book publishing in 1937 in partnership with I. W. Ullman under the name Ultem Publications, Inc., with Harry "A" Chesler serving as editor and content producer. They soon sold their titles to Centaur Publications and reorganized Ultem as Lex Publications, which did not produce comics.

Temerson probably resurfaces in 1939 with Brookwood Publishing Co., Inc. which published a single title that was later sold to Harvey. It shares an editorial address, 381 Fourth St., New York, N. Y., with his next few companies, all of which are found here, and he and Maurice Rosenfield, nephew of I. W. Ullman, are listed as the owners.

Getting to the more certain Temerson companies, Tem Publishing Co., Inc. and Nita Publishing Co., Inc. ran concurrently, publishing one title each for a few months in 1940. Immediately after the last issue from these, he began publishing Green Hornet Comics under the name Helnit Publishing Co., Inc., the business name he would use until losing his titles to Holyoke. All of these exhibit Temerson's fondness for using syllables from his and others names to name companies. "Tem" is obvious, but the significance of "Nit" and "Hel" are not yet known.

Note that several other companies ran concurrent with Tem and Nita and were frequently grouped with them (often as Holyoke). These are all in fact associated with Worth Carnahan, and may be found under that publisher. The error derived from artist Charles Quinlan playing a major role both in Carnahan's companies and then at Helnit and Holyoke, and for the coincidental similarity of Temerson's title "Whirlwind Comics" (featuring a character named Cyclone) with Carnahan's "Cyclone Comics". Additionally, Quinlan re-used the name "Volton" for a character at both companies, but the two Voltons have nothing else in common.

By cover date December 1941, Helnit's comics were being printed by Holyoke. The following month, Holyoke Publishing Co., Inc. debuted having moved into publishing by taking over both of Helnit's then-current titles (Green Hornet Comics having since been sold to Harvey). The contents were unaffected by this move, and both series came out fairly regularly through January 1943, at which point there is a gap.

What emerges from that gap in mid-1943 is Temerson's later company, initially called Et-Es-Go Magazines, Inc. (after his sisters Etta, Esther and Goldie) but soon renamed Continental Magazines, Inc. The Helnit series that had been published by Holyoke were resumed, and new series added. New art director L. B. Cole took over from Charles Quinlan. Under Cole's guidance, the company also packaged comics for several other publishers including Narrative and Aviation (sometimes leading these to also be counted as Holyoke, despite there being no direct connection at all!)

Continental ran out of steam in 1946, but two puzzles remain. The simpler one is a four-issue TV tie-in series, Foodini, apparently published by "Continental Publishing" from the same address used by Continental Magazines, Inc. This has not been verified from actual copies, but the link seems strong enough to include this series here. Please edit this publisher or contact the GCD mailing lists if you have any information on the nature of the connection or on what happened between 1946 and 1950.

The more complex puzzles are the so-called "Holyoke One-Shot" issues from around 1944 (which have no title, publication data or any other information printed on them at all, or even proper covers) which based on issues seen to date reprint early Temerson material (pubished by Tem or Helnit). Due to the confusion over where these come from, and the long-used "Holyoke One-Shot" name assigned to them by Mike Tiefenbacher decades ago, these have been left under the Holyoke publisher.

Site visitors may be interested in the following related (or unrelated but frequently confused) publishers:

Temporarily took over Temerson series:
Holyoke: http://www.comics.org/publisher/92/

Packaging clients of L. B. Cole during the Et-Es-Go / Continental period (not necessarily a complete list):
Narrative: http://www.comics.org/publisher/144/
Aviation Press: http://www.comics.org/publisher/135/

Often confused with Temerson due to Quinlan connection:
Worth Carnahan: http://www.comics.org/publisher/7618/

Temerson's prior publishers with Ullman (Ultem) and Rosenfeld (Brookwood):
Ultem: http://www.comics.org/publisher/7631/
Brookwood: https://www.comics.org/publisher/8319/

Some titles from Brookwood and Worth Carnahan were sold to Harvey:
Harvey: http://www.comics.org/publisher/76/


This essay built on research by Frank Motler, Bob Hughes, Jim Vadeboncoeur, Jr., Hames Ware, Henry Andrews and other GCD and Digital Comic Museum contributors. In particular, the L. B. Cole interview in Comic Book Marketplace #30 and the interview with Worth Carnahan's daughter, Cynthia Woody, in Comic Book Marketplace #71 supplied much information.
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Series Name Years in Print Issues (Printings)
Captain Aero Comics {Comic Books} Disclose
Note: A common theory has held that this series' numbering continued from Samson (Fox, 1940 series), but that seems to be based on Holyoke Publishing Co., Inc.'s acquisition of Blue Beetle from Fox, and the fact that Fox's Samson series ended a six issue run at about the right time. However, the first issue of Captain Aero was published by Helnit six months before Holyoke acquired Blue Beetle (and one month before Holyoke completely took over Helnit's remaining titles). While Harvey would eventually continue Green Hornet Comics' numbering, that would not happen until five months after Captain Aero began, and was probably based on continuing from the earlier issues under the same title rather than postal regulations as it was a completely separate company. There are two distinct sets of tracking links: * By title, as it crosses back and forth between publishers: Captain Aero: v1#7 (Temerson) => v1#8 - v2#4 (Holyoke) => v3#9 - #24 (Temerson) * By number, with two distinct sequences appearing in this title: Green Hornet Comics #1 - #6 => Captain Aero v1#7 - v2#4 => Cat-Man v2#6 - 32 Crash Comics Adventures #1 - #5 => Cat-Man v1#6 - v3#8 => Captain Aero v3#9 - #24 (v2#5 in the 1st numbering sequence doesn't exist, but there's a gap in its schedule corresponding to v3#8 in the other sequence that would fit perfectly) See the series notes for a full explanation including additional numbering oddities. This series has a somewhat complicated and confusing numbering scheme, but most of it becomes clear when considered alongside Cat-Man Comics, which was published by the same companies throughout the run of both titles. See the tracking notes for a discussion of the theories behind the starting indicia number of v1#7. Things continue just fine through v1#12, after which they reset to v2#1. This is a common enough occurrence, and only looks at all strange in conjunction with other renumberings. See the Cat-Man entry for a discussion of how this lines up with other Holyoke events. The jump from v2#4 to v3#9 seems random, but Frank Motler observes that v3#9 would have been the correct number for the Cat-Man issue that came out that same month. That Cat-Man issue was numbered v2#6, and if one assigns v2#5 to the month in which Cat-Man produced its first issue under Et-Es-Go Magazines, Inc. but Captain Aero did not produce an issue, then it appears that Captain Aero and Cat-Man simply switched numberings. Captain Aero stops using cover numbers with v3#13, also the last Et-Es-Go issue. This number was also "borrowed" by Cat-Man the prior month for its first non-cover-numbered issue, although this time it returned to its regular sequence the following issue. Captain Aero then resets to v4#2. The fate of v4#1 is something of a mystery. It could have simply been forgotten, or somehow considered to be synonymous with v3#13 on the grounds that the volume should have reset after issue #12 as it did between v1 and v2. All of this is pure speculation, however. Captain Aero put out one more v4 issue with no cover number, and then abruptly jumped to whole #21 (same in the indicia and on the cover). This jump could have been carelessness, or the mismatch here and with a one-issue-backwards jump to whole numbers with the next issue of Cat-Man may both be explained by something else.
Public Domain
1941 - 1946 14
Captain Fearless Comics {Comic Books} Public Domain 1941 - 2
Cat-Man Comics {Comic Books} Disclose
Note: There are two distinct sets of tracking links: * By title, as it crosses back and forth between publishers: Cat-Man: v1#6 - v1#11 (Temerson) => v1#12 - v3#7 (Holyoke) => v3#8 - #32 (Temerson) * By number, with two distinct sequences appearing in this title: Crash Comics Adventures #1 - #5 => Cat-Man v1#6 - v3#8 => Captain Aero v3#9 - #24 Green Hornet Comics #1 - #6 => Captain Aero v1#7 - v2#4 => Cat-Man v2#6 - 32 (v2#5 in the 2nd numbering sequence doesn't exist, but there's a gap in its schedule corresponding to v3#8 in the other sequence that would fit perfectly) See the series notes for full details including an explanation of v3#13 and other oddities. Formerly listed as "Catman Comics" (with no hyphen). Indicia title is "Cat-Man Comics" from #v1#6 (1) to #30, and "Catman Comics" for issues #31 and #32. This series has a complicated numbering scheme which has been further complicated by a number of long-repeated errors and omissions. However, the numbering becomes more clear when set next to other comics being published by the same company at the same time, in particular Captain Aero Comics. Looking only at the indicia numbers, they can be explained (mostly) as follows: v1#6 picks up the numbering of Crash Comics Adventures which was published by Tem Publications, Inc. (a predecessor of initial Cat-Man publisher Helnit Publications, Inc.) and ended with issue v1#5. Cover numbers start here with #1. Indicia numbering continues under v1 up through issue #12 (not issue #10 as often reported), and then switches to v2 without interrupting the issue numbers which continue with #13-15. One might speculate that this was done after issue 12 as it would normally be a year's worth of monthly issues and rolling the volume forward after a year was fairly common, with or without resetting the issue number. After #v2#15, the volume moved to v3 and this time the issue number reset to #1. This seems random, but Henry Andrews observes that this was done the same cover month that Holyoke Publishing Co., Inc. (which had taken over with #v1#12) began publishing Blue Beetle, formerly a Fox Publications, Inc. title. Holyoke's other title at the time, Captain Aero Comics, would go to #v2#1 the next cover month. While this is entirely speculation, one might think that Holyoke was marking a fresh start. There is absolutely no concrete evidence for this, though. Cat-Man's v3 continues through the end of Holyoke's publication tenure. When Et-Es-Go Magazines, Inc. (owned, as Helnit and Tem were, by Frank Z. Temerson) resumes publication, an issue of Cat-Man is its first issue and resumes with v3#8, the next number in the sequence. The following issue is one of the more puzzling changes, though, moving *backwards* to v2#6. Frank Motler observes that the issue of Captain Aero Comics published the same month as Cat-Man's v2#6 is in fact v3#9, the next Cat-Man number. The last Captain Aero published by Holyoke Publishing, Inc. was v2#4. There was no Captain Aero published at the same time as Cat-Man's v3#8, but if one assigns the number v2#5 to that space, then Cat-Man's v2#6 would be the next number in that sequence. So essentially, what happened is that Cat-Man and Captain Aero switched indicia numbering. Cat-Man continues with the v2 numbering until the last Et-Es-Go Magazines, Inc. issue, which is v3#13, again apparently at random. However, Henry observes that Frank's "switch with Captain Aero" theory applies here as well. The prior issue of Captain Aero was v3#12, making this issue of Cat-Man the next in that sequence. Captain Aero would publish its own v3#13 issue the following month (also its final Et-Es-Go issue). Both of these v3#13 issues are also the first issues in the series with no cover number. The first Continental Magazines, Inc. issue of Cat-Man is v2#12, resuming the v2 numbering but still with no cover number (v3#13 should have been v2#11). After that it goes to v3#1 and v3#2, still with no cover number. This might be a "renumber after 12 issues" or a slightly belated renumbering for the new publisher (pure speculation either way). Finally, there is a four month gap in publication and the volume-based indicia numbering disappears altogether. Cover numbers return and now match the indicia numbers, but are off by one (#27 when it should be #28). No theory has yet explained this. It may be a simple miscounting (not unheard of), but Captain Aero's switch to whole numbering is much farther off (#21 instead of #18), suggesting that there may have been some other source explaining both unexpected numbers.
Public Domain
1941 - 1946 22
Crash Comics Adventures {Comic Books} Disclose
Note: The indicia title of this series changes multiple times: #1 Crash Comic Adventures #2 Crash Comics #3 Crash Comics Adventures #4 Crash Comics #5 Crash Comics Note singular "Comic" on issue #1 vs "Comics" on all other known issue titles. Data from indicia scans on www.bipcomics.com and digitalcomicmuseum.com.
Public Domain
1940 - 5
Foodini {Comic Books} Disclose
Note: TV show tie-in.
1950 - 4
Green Hornet Comics {Comic Books} Disclose
Note: Previously listed as being published by Helnit Publishing Co., Inc. for issue #1 and "Green Hornet Publishing Company" for issues #2-6. However, the indicia for issue #6 clearly states that it is published by Helnit Publishing Co., Inc., although the copyright is held by Helnit "for Green Hornet, Inc." which is likely the source of the confusion. It is not yet known whether Green Hornet, Inc. was mentioned in all of the other issues in the same way.
1940 - 1941 6
Suspense Comics {Comic Books} Public Domain 1943 - 1946 12
Terrific Comics {Comic Books} Public Domain 1944 - 6
Whirlwind Comics {Comic Books} 1940 - 3

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